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    • 专利摘要:
    An air conditioning device (1) is provided with a four-stage compressor (2), switching mechanisms (31-33), intercoolers (51-53), oil separators (41-43), and a control unit. The four-stage compressor (2) has four compression mechanisms (21-24) interconnected in series. The switching mechanisms (31-33) are connected to the discharge pipes (101b-103b) of the compression mechanisms (21-23). The switching mechanisms (31-33) switch between a cooling operation cycle and a heating operation cycle. During the cooling operation cycle, the intercoolers (51-53) cool a refrigerant discharged from the compression mechanisms (21-23). The oil separators (41-43) are installed between the switching mechanisms (31-33) and the intercoolers (51-53). During the cooling operation cycle, the oil separators (41-43) separate lubricating oil from the refrigerant discharged from the compression mechanisms (21-23). The control unit controls the four-stage compressor (2) and the switching mechanisms (31-33).
    公开号:AU2012361731A1
    申请号:U2012361731
    申请日:2012-12-26
    公开日:2014-08-07
    发明作者:Kazuhiro Furusho；Ikuhiro Iwata；Tetsuya Okamoto；Guozhong Yang
    申请人:Daikin Industries Ltd；
    IPC主号:F25B1-10
    专利说明:
    DESCRIPTION REFRIGERATION DEVICE TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a refrigeration apparatus, 5 BACKGROUND ART There is conventionally used a refrigeration apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit for carrying out a multistage compression refrigeratdon cycle, being a refrigeration apparatus I -arfrgrton-prw provided with an intercooler and an oil separator. The intercooler cools a compressed refrigerant blown out from each stage of compression mechanism other than that of the highest stage. The oil separator 10 separates a lubricating oil from the compressed refrigerant blown out from the compression mechanism n order to reduce the amount of oil rising at each stage during the cooling operation. The oil separator is usually installed on piping on a blow-out side of the compression mechanism, as is disclosed in patent document I (Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No, 2009-257704), SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 15 <Technicai Problem> However, in the refrigeration apparatus described in patent document I (Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2009-257704), the intercooler is not used for the purpose of cooling the compressed refrigerant during the heating operation Therefore, the compressed refrigerant blown out from a compression mechanism other than that of the highest stage does not require the 20 lubricating oil to be separated by the oil separator during the heating operation. The compressed refrigerant also releases heat by being exposed to low-temperature external air when passing through the oil separator, which is placed outdoors, Thermal loss is therefore incurred in the oil separator, Accordingly, a problem arises that the heating capacity of the refrigeration circuit decreases and the efficiency of the refrigeration apparatus as a whole degrades. 25 An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration apparatus in which exothermic loss can be suppressed. <Solution to Problem> A refrigeration apparatus according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises a rfultistag co impression mechanism, switching mechanisms, intereoolers, oil 30 separators, and a control unit in the multistage compression mechanism, one high-stage-side compression mechanism and a plurality of low-stage-side compression mechanisms are connected in series. The switching mechanisms are connected to blow-out pipes of the low-stage-side compression mechanisms. The switching mechanisms are configured to switch between a cooling operation cycle and a heating operation cycle. The intercoolers are configured to cool a refrigerant blown out from the low-stage-side compression mechanisms durnng the cooling operation cycle, The low-stage-side oil separators are placed between the switching mechanisms and the intercoolers. The low-stage-side oil separators are configured to separate a lubricating oil from the refrigerant blown out from the low-stage-side compression mechanisms during the cooling operation cycle. 5 The control unit is configured to control the multistage compression mechanism and the switching mechanisms. The refrigeration apparatus according to the first aspect comprises a multistage compression mechanism having three or more compression mechanisms connected in series. The multistage compression mechanism includes a high-stage-side compression mechanism, being a compression 10 mechanism at a highest stage, and low-stage-side compression mechanisms, being compression mechanisms other than the high-stage-side compression mechanism. During the cooling operation cycle, the refrigerant compressed by a low-stageside compression mechanisms passes through a four way switching valve or other switching mechanism and is supplied to a low-stage-side oil separator. The compressed refrigerant having the lubricating oil separated by the low-stage-side oil separator is 15 supplied to an intercooler, The compressed refrigerant cooled in the intercooler is supplied to a compression mechanism at a higher stage and is farther compressed. That is, the low-stage-side oil separator is placed between the switching mechanism connected to the low-stage-side compression mechanism, and the intercooler. The low-stage-side oil separator prevents the lubricating oil from flowing into the intercooler and lowering the cooling performance of the intercooler. 20 In the refrigeration apparatus comprising the multistage compression mechanism, the refrigerant compressed in each stage of compression mechanism other than that of the highest stage is not cooled in the intercooler during the heating operation cycle, and therefore there is no requirement for the libricating oil to be separated by the oil separator, In the refrigeration apparatus according to the first aspect, during the heating operation cycle, the refrigerant compressed in a low-stage-side 25 compression mechanism passes through the switching mechanism without passing through the low stage-side oil separator, and is sent to a compression mechanism at a higher stage. That is, in the heating operation cycle, the refrigerant compressed in the low-stage-side compression mechanism is prevented from releasing heat into the low-temperature external air and incurring thermal loss in the low-stage-side oil separator. Accordingly, in the refrigeration apparaits according to the first aspect, 30 exothermic loss can be suppressed. A refrigeration apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention is the refrigeration apparatus according to the first aspect, further comprising a high-stage-side oil separator. The high-age-side oil separator is connected to a blow-out pipe of the high-stage-side compression mechanism. The high-stage-side oil separator is configured to separate the lubricating oil from the 2 refrigerant blown out from the high-stage-side compression mechanism. A refrigeration apparatus according to a third aspect of the present invention is the refrigeration apparatus according to the first or second aspect, further comprising cooling oil return lines and heating oil return lines. The cooling oil return lines return the l ubricating oil separated 5 from the refrigerant in the low-stage-sidc oil separator to a blow-out side of the intercoiler connected to the low-stage-side oil separator The heating oil return lines return the lubricating oil separated from the refrigerant in the low-stage-side oil separator to a refrigerant blow-out side of the low-stage side oil separator during the heating operation cycle. The refrigeration apparatus according to the third aspect has two routes through which the 10 lubricating oil separated from the refrigerant in the lo-stage-side oil separator is returned, In the cooling operation cycle, the lubricating oil separated in the low-stage-side oil separator bypasses the intercooler and is returned to the piping on the intake side of a compression mechanism at a higher stage. During the heating operation cycle, the lubricating oil separated in the low-stage-side oil separator is returned to the piping of the low-stage-side oil separator where the refrigerant havng the 15 lubricating oil separated is blown out. Accordingly, in the refrigeration apparatus according to the third aspect, the lubricating oil separated in the oil separator can be returned to a suitable flow of refrigerant. The refrigeration apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the refrigeration apparatus according to the third aspect, wherein the cooling oil return lines have cooling 20 backflow prevention mechanisms that allow only a flow of the lubricating oil during the cooling operation cycle. The heating oil return lines have heating backflow prevention mechanisms that allow only a flow of the lubricating oil during the heating operation cycle. The refrigeration apparatus according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the refrigeration apparatus according to any of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the low-stage-side 25 compression mechanisms include a first low-stage-side compression mnechanismna second low-stage side compression mechanism, and a third low-stage-side compression mechanism. The multistage compression mechanism has the high-stage-side compression mechanism, the first low-stage-side compress ion mechanism, the second low-stage-side compression mechanism, and the third low-stage side compression mechanism connected in series in the stated order. That is, this refrigeration 30 apparatus comprises a four-stage compression mechanism. <Advantageous Effects of invention> In the refrigeration apparatus according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, exothermic loss can be suppressed. In the refrigeration apparatus according to the third and fourth aspects of the present 3 invention, the lubricating oil separated in the oil separator can be returned to a suitable flow of refrigerant, The refrigeration apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the present invention can be applied to a refrigeration apparatus comprising a four-stage compression mechanism. 5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG I is a schematic diagram of an air-conditioning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention during a cooling operation. FIG 2 is a diagram representing piping surrounding the first to third oil separators in FIG I FIG, 3 is a pressure-enthalpy curve of the refrigeration cycle in F1G 1, 10 FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of an air-conditioning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention during a heating operation. FIG 5 is a diagram representing piping surrounding the first to third oil separators in FIG. 4, FIG 6 is a pressure-enthalpy curve of the refrigeration cycle in FIG 4. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 15 A refrigeration apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is described while referring to the drawings. (1) Configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus FIG I and FIG 4 are schematic diagrams of an air-conditioning apparatus I as one embodiment of a refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention. The air-conditioning 20 apparatus I is a refrigeration apparatus that carries out a four-stage compression refrigeration cycle using a carbon dioxide refrigerant in a supercritical state. The air-conditioning apparatus 1 has a refrigerant circuit 10 configured to be switchable between a cooling operation cycle and a heating operation cycle, FIG. I represents the flow of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 10 during the cooling operation. FIG 4 represents the flow of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant 25 circuit 10 during the heating operation. In FIGS. I and 4, the arrows folding the piping of the refrigerant circuit 10 represent the flow of refrigeranti The refrigerant circuit 10 of the ai-ondiioning apparatus I mainly includes a four-stage compressor 2. a first switching mechanism 31, a second switching mechanism 32, a third switching mechanism 33, a fourth switching mechanism 34. a first oil separator 41, a second oil separator 42, a 30 third oil separator 43, a fourth oil separator 44, an outdoor heat exchanger 5, an economizer heat exchanger 6a, a liquid-gas heat exchanger 6b, an expansion mechanism 7, a receiver 8, a super cooling heat exchanger 6c, an indoor heat exchanger 9, and a control unit (not illustrated), The constituents of the refrigerant circuit 10 are next described in detail (1-1) Four-stage compressor 4 The four-stage compressor 2 is a sealed-type compressor in which a first compression mechanism 21, a second compression mechanism 22, a third compression mechanism 23, a fourth compression mechanism 24, a compressor drive motor (not illustrated), and a drive shaft (not illustrated) are housed inside a sealed container, The compressor drive motor is coupled to the drive 5 shaft The drive shaft is coupled to the four compression mechanisms 21 to 24. That is, the four stage compressor 2 NUS a uniaxial fur-stage comINression structure in which the four compression mechanisms 21 to 24 are coupled to a single drive shaft. In the four-stage compressor 2, the first compression mechanism 21. the second compression mechanism 22, the third compression mechanism 23, and the fourth compression mechanism 24 are connected in series in the stated order. 10 The first compression mechanism 21 is connected to a first intake pipe 101a and a first blow-out pipe 101b, The second compression mechanism 22 is connected to a second intake pipe 102a and a second blow-out pipe I 02b. The third compression mechanism 23 is connected to a third intake pipe 103a and a third blow-out pipe 103b. The fourth compression mechanism 24 is connected to a fourth intake pipe 104a and a fourth blow-out pipe i 04b, 15 The first compression mechanism 21 is the compression itechanisn at the lowest stage, and compresses the refrigerant having the lowest pressure flowing in the refrigerant circuit 10, The second compression mechanism 22 impresses the refrigerant compressed by the first compression mechanism 21, The third compression mechanism 23 compresses the refrigerant compressed by the second compression mechanism 22. The fourth compression mechanism 24 is the compression 20 mechanism at the highest stage, and compresses the refrigerant compressed by the third compression mechanism 23. The refrigerant compressed by the 'fourth compression mechanism 24 is the refrigerant having the highest pressure flowing in the refrigerant circuit 10. In the present embodiment, the compression mechanism 21 to 24 are rotary-type compression mechanisms. The compressor drive motor is connected to the control unit. That is, an 25 operating speed, and the like, of the compression mechanisms 21 to 24 are controlled by the control unit, (1-2) First to fourth switching mechanisms The first switching mechanism 31 is connected 'with the first blow-out pipe 101 b, the second intake pipe 102a. a first oil separation pipe lII, and a low-pressure refrigerant pipe 1,61, The second 30 switching mechanism 32 is connected with the second blow-out pipe I02b, the third intake pipe 103a, a second oil separation pipe 112, and the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161. The third switching mechanism 33 is connected with the third blow-out pipe 103b, the fourth intake pipe 104a, a third oil separation pipe 113, and the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161L The fourth switching mechanism 34 is connected with the fourth blow-out pipe 104h, a gas cooler pipe 134, a second indoor heat exchange 5 pipe 192, and the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161. The first switching mechanism 31, second switching mechanism 32, third switching mechanism 33, and fourth switching mechanism 34 are a four-way switching valve for switching the direction of flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 to switch between the cooling operation 5 cycle and the heating operation cycle, During the cooling operation, the switching mechanisms 3 1 to 34 enable the outdoor heat exchanger 5 to function as a cooler of the refrigerant compressed by the fourstage conipressor 2 and enable the indoor heat exchanger 9 to function as a heater of the refrigerant passing through the expansion mechanism 7 and being expanded. During the heating operation, the switching mechanisms 31 to 34 enable the indoor heat exchanger 9 to function as a 10 cooler of the refrigerant compressed by the four-stage compressor 2 and enable the outdoor heat exchanger 5 to function as a heater of the refrigerant passing through the expansion mechanism 7 and being expanded. That is, the switching mechanisms 31 to 34, considering only on the four-stage compressor 2, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, the expansion mechanism 7, and the indoor heat exchanger 9 as 15 constituents of the refrigerant circuit 10. switches a cooling operation cycle in which the refrigerant is circulated in the order of the four-stage compressor 2, outdoor heat exchanger 5, expansion mechanism 7, and indoor heat exchanger 9, and a heating operation cycle in which the refrigerant is circulated in the order of the four-stage compressor 2, indoor heat exchanger 9, expansion mechanism 7. and outdoor heat exchanger 5, 20 (1-3) First to fourth oil separators The first oil separator 41, the second oil separator 42, the third oil separator 43, and the fourth oil separator 44 are a mechanism for separating lubricating oil contained in the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 10. The lubricating oil is refrigerator oil used for lubricating sliding parts, and the like, of the four-stage compressor 2 When the refrigerant containing the 25 lubricating oil flows into and accumulates in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the indoor heat exchanger 9, the efficiency of heating and cooling of the refrigerant decreases and the performance of the air-conditioning apparatus I degrades. The oil separators 41 to 44 suitably return the lubricating oil separated from the refrigerant to the refrigerant circuit 10, FIG 2 is a diagram representing the piping surrounding the first oil separator 41, second oil 30 separator 42, and third oil separator 43 illustrated in FRi 1 representing the cooling operation cycle. FIG. 5 is a diagram representing the piping surrounding the first oil separator 41, second oil separator 42, and third oil separator 43 illustrated in FiG. 4 representing the heating operation ycle. In FIGS. 2 and 5, the arrows following the piping of the refrigerant circuit 10 represent the flow of refrigerant, The explanation is given below while referring to FIGS, 2 and 5. 6 The first oil separator 41 is installed on a first oil separation pipe 111, and is connected to a first oil return pipe 121, The fist oil separator 41 separates the lubricating oil from the refrigerant flowing in the first oil separation pipe 111 and supplies the separated lubricating oil to the first oil return pipe 121. The first oil return pipe 121 branches to a first cooling oil return pipe 121 a and a 5 first heating oil return pipe 121b. The first cooling oil return pipe 121a has installed a first cooling backflow prevention valve 221a, and is connectedto a first intercooler pipe 131, The first heating oil return pipe 121b has installed a first heating backflow prevention valve 221b, and is connected to the first oil separation pipe i I I connecting the first switching mechanism 31 and the first oil separator 41. 10 The second oil separator 42 is installed on a second oil separation pipe 112, and is connected to a second oil return pipe 122. The second oil separator 42 separates the lubricating oil from the refrigerant flowing in the second oil separation pipe 112 and supplies the separated lubricating oil to the second oil return pipe 122. The second oil return pipe 122 branches to a second cooling oil return pipe 122a and a second beating oil return pipe 122b, The second cooling oil return pipe 122a 15 has installed a second cooling backflow prevention valve 222a, and is connected to a second intercooler pipe 132. The second heating oil return pipe 122b has installed a second heating backflow prevention valve 2221), and is connected to the second oil separation pipe 112 connecting the second switching mechanism 32 and the second oil separator 42. The third oil separator 43 is installed on a third oil separation pipe 113, and is connected to a 20 third oil return pipe 123. The third oil separator 43 separates the lubricating oil from the refrigerant flowing in the third oil separation pipe 113 and supplies the separated lubricating oil to the third oil return pipe 123. The third oil return pipe 123 branches to a third cooling oil return pipe 123a and a third heating oil return pipe 1236. The third cooling oil return pipe 123a has installed a third cooling backflow prevention valve 223a, and is connected to a third intercooler pipe 133. The third heating 25 oil return pipe 123b has installed a third heating backflow prevention valve 223b, and is connected to the third oil separation pipe 113 connecting the third switching mechanism 33 and the third oil separator l3. The fourth oil separator 44 is installed on a fourth blow-out pipe 104b, and is connected to a fourth oil return pipe 124, The fourth oil separator 44 separates the lubricating oil from the 30 refrigerant flowing in the fourth blow-out pipe 104b, supplies the separated lubricating oil to the fourth oil return pipe 124, and sends the refrigerant having the lubricating oil separated to the fourth switching mechanism 34. The fourth oil return pipe 124 is connected to a first intake pipe 101a The first cooling backflow prevention valve 221a, the second cooling backflow prevention valve 222a, and the third cooling backflov prevention valve 223a are a backflow prevention 7 mechanism that allows only passage of the lubricating oil during the cooling operation. The first heating backfiow prevention valve 221 h, the second heating backflow prevention valve 222b, and the third heating backfloxv prevention valve 223b are a backflow prevention mechanism that allows only passage of the lubricating oil during the heating operation. 5 (1-4) Outdoor heat exchanger The outdoor heat exchanger 5 is configured with a first intercooler 51, a second intercooler 52, a third intercooler 53, and a gas cooler 54. The outdoor heat exchanger 5 functions as a cooler of refrigerant during the cooling operation and functions as a heater of refrigerant during the heating operation. The outdoor heat excharger 5 is supplied with water air, and the like, as a medium to 10 undergo heat exchange with the refrigerant flowing inside, The first intercooler 51 is connected to the first oil separation pipe 111 and the first intercooler pipe 13 1. The second intercooler 52 is connected to the second oil separation pipe 1] 2 and the second intercooler pipe 132. The third intercooler 53 is connected to the third oil separation pipe 113 and the third intercooler pipe 133. The gas cooler 54 is connected to the gas cooler pipe 15 134 and piping inside the refrigerant circuit 10 communicating with a high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141. (1-5) Economizer heat exchanger Tie economizer heat exchanger 6a is connected to the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141 and a first intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 15i. The first intermediate-pressure refrigerant 20 pipe 151 branches from the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141, and has installed a. first expansion valve 171. The economizer heat exchanger 6a carries out heat exchange between high-pressure refrigerant flowing in the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141 and intermediate-pressure refrigerant passing through the first expansion valve 1 71 and flowing in the first intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 151. 25 (1-6) Liquid-gas heat exchanger The liquid-gas heat exchanger 6b is connected to the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141 and a low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161. The liquid-gas heat exchanger 6b carries out heat exchange between high-pressure refrigerant passing through the economizer heat exchanger 6a and flowing in the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141 and low-pressure refrigerant passing through the expansion 30 mechanism 7., or the like, and flowing in the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161. (1-7) Expansion mechanism The expansion mechanism 7 depressurizes high-pressure refrigerant passing through the liquid-gas heat exchanger 6b and flowing in the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141, and supplies intermediate-pressure refrigerant in a liquid-gas two-phase state to a second intermediate-pressure 8 refrigerant pipe 152. The intermediate-pressure refrigerant flowing in the second intermediate pressure refrigerant pipe 152 is sent to the receiver 8. The expansion mechanism 7 is configured with a second expansion valve 172 and an expander 71 (1-8) Receiver 5 The receiver 8 separates the intermediate-pressure refrigerant in a liquid-gas two-phase state, sent from the expansion mechanism 7 by way of the second intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 152, into liquid refrigerant and gas refrigerant The separated gas refrigerant passes through a third expansion valve 173 and becomes low-pressure gas refrigerant, is supplied to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161, and is sent to the super-cooling heat exchanger 6c. The separated liquid 10 refrigerant is supplied to a third intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 153 and is sent to the super cooling heat exchanger 6c, (1 -9) Super-cooling heat exchanger The super-cooling heat exchanger 6c carries out heat exchange between intermediate pressure refrigerant flowing in the third intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 153 and low-pressure 1.5 refrigerant flowing in the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161, The third intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 153 branches at midcourse and is connected to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161 by way of a fourth expansion valve 174, That is, a part of the intermediate-pressure refrigerant flowing in the third intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 153 passes through the fourth expansion valve 174 and becomes low-pressure refrigerant, is supplied to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161, 20 and is sent to the super-cooling heat exchanger 6C, (1 -10) Indoor heat exchanger The indoor heat exchanger 9 is configured with a plurality of indoor heat exchange units 9a 9b, _ The indoor heat exchanger 9 functions as a heater of refrigerant during the cooling operation and functions as a cooler of refrigerant dur ing the heating operation. The indoor heat exchanger 9 is 25 supplied with water, air. and the like, as a medium to undergo heat exchange with the refrigerant flowing inside. Each indoor heat exchange unit 9a, 9b, _ is connected to a first indoor heat exchange pipe 191 and a second indoor heat exchange pipe 192. A fifth expansion valve 175 is installed respectively on each bypass pipe on the first indoor heat exchange pipe 191 connected to each indoor 30 heat exchange unit 9a, 9b,.__ During the cooling operation, the first indoor heat exchange pipe 191 communicates with the third intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 153, and the second indoor heat exchange pipe 192 eomniinicates with the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161 by way of the fourth switching mechanism 34. During the heating operation, the first indoor heat exchange pipe 191 communicates with the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141, and the second indoor heat exchange pipe 9 192 communicates with the fourth blow-out pipe 104b by way of the fourth switching mechanism 34. (1-1) Control unit The control unit is a microcomputer connected to a compressor drive motor for driving a drive shaft coupled to the four compression mechanisms 21 to 24 configuring the four-stage 5 compressor 2, and connected to the switching mechanisms 31 to 34, The control unit controls operating speeds of the compression mechanisms 21 to 24, switching between the cooling operation cycle and the heating operation cycle, and the like, (2) Operation of the air-conditioning apparatus The operation of the air-conditioning apparatus I is described while referring to FIGS I to 10 6, FIG, 3 is a pressure-enthalpy curve (p-h curve) of the refrigeration cycle during the cooling operation. F1G 6 is a pressure-enthalpy curve (p-h curve) of the refrigeraton cycle during the heating operation. in FIGS 3 and 6. the upwardly bulging curves are a refrigerant saturated liquid curve and a dry saturated vapor curve. In FIGS. 3 and 6, the points assigned alphabetic characters on the refrigeration cycle respectively represent the pressure of refrigerant and enthalpy at the points 15 represented by the same alphabetic characters in FIGS, I and 4, For example, the refrigerant at point B in FIG 1 has the pressure and enthalpy at point B in FIG 3, Operation control during the cooling operation and the heating operation of the air-conditioning apparatus I is performed by the control unit. (2-1) Operation during the cooling operation 20 During the cooling operation, the refrigerant circulates inside the refrigerant circuit 10 in the order of the fbur-stage compressor 2. outdoor heat exchanger 5, expansion mechanism 7. and indoor heat exchanger 9, following the arrows indicated in FIG I. The operation of the air-conditioning apparatus I during the cooling operation is described below while referring to FIG S1 to 3. First, the low-pressure refrigerant inside the first intake pipe 1 01a is compressed in the first 25 compression mechanism 21, and is blown out to the first blow-out pipe 101 b (points A and B), The compressed refrigerant passes through the first switching mechanism 31 and then flows in the first oil separation pipe il 1, and the lubricating oil is separated in the first oil separator 41, The refrigerant having the lubricating oil separated is cooled in the first intercooler 51, and is then supplied to the second intake pipe 102a by way of the first intercooler pipe 131 (points B and C), The lubricating 30 oil separated in the first oil separator 41 goes by way of the first oil return pipe 121 and the first cooling oil return pipe l21a and merges into the refrigerant. flowing in the first intercooler pipe 131 as illustrated in FIG. 2, Next, the refrigerant inside the second intake pipe 102a is compressed in the second compression mechanism 22, and is blown out to the second blow-out pipe 1021 (points C and D), 10 The compressed refrigerant passes through the second switching mechanism 32 and then flows in the second oi separation pipe 112, and the lubricating oil is separated in the second oil separator 42. The refrigerant having the lubricating oil separated is cooled in the second intercooler 52, and is then supplied to the second intercooler pipe 132 (points D and E). The refrigerant flowing in the second 5 intercooler pipe 132 is subjected to heat exchange in the economizer heat exchanger 6a, then merges with the intermediate-pressure refrigerant flowing in the first intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 151, and is supplied to the third intake pipe 103a (points E and F). The lubricating oil separated in the second oil separator 42 goes by way of the second oil return pipe 122 and the second cooling oil return pipe 122a and merges into the refrigerant flowing in the second intercooler pipe 132 as 10 illustrated in FIG. 2, Next, the refrigerant inside the third intake pipe 103a is compressed in the third compression mechanism 23, and is blown out to the third blow-out pipe 103b (points F and G) The compressed refrigerant passes through the third switching mechanism 33 and then flows in the third oil separation pipe 113. and the lubricating oil is separated in the third oil separator 43. The refrigerant having the 15 lubricating oil separated is cooled in the third intercooer 53. and is then supplied to the fourth intake pipe 1,04a by way of the third intercooler pipe 133 (points G and H). The lubricating oil separated in the third oil separator 43 goes by way of the third oil return pipe 123 and the third cooling oil return pipe 123a and merges into the refrigerant flowing in the third intercooler pipe 133 as illustrated in FIG 2. 20 Next, the refrigerant inside the fourth intake pipe 104a is compressed in the fourth compression mechanism 24. and is blown out to the fourth blow-out pipe 104b (points H and I). The lubricating oil in the high-pressure refrigerant flowing in the fourth blow-out pipe 1 04b is separated in the fourth oil separator 44, The high-pressure refrigerant having the lubricating oil separated passes through the fourth switching mechanism 34, is then supplied to the gas cooler pipe 134, and is sent to 25 the gas cooler 54. The high-pressure refrigerant cooled in the gas cooler 54 is supplied to the high pressure efrigerant pipe 141 (points I and J). The lubricating oil separated in the fourth oil separator 44 is returned to thefirst intake pipe 101 a. Next, the refrigerant inside the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141 is subjected to heat exchange in the economizer heat exchanger 6a and the liquid--gas heat exchanger 6b, then passes 30 through the expansion mechanism 7 and becomes intermediate-pressure refrigerant, and is sent to the receiver 8 by way of the second intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 152 (points J and M to Q). Meanwhile, the refrigerant diverted from the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141 to the first intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 151 is subjected to heat exchange in the economizer heat exchanger 6a, and is then supplied to the second intercooler pipe 132 (points J to U), The i intermediate-pressure refrigerant in a liquid-gas two-phase state sent to the receiver 8 is separated into liquid refrigerant and gas refrigerant (points Q, R, and U), Next. the liquid refrigerant separated in the receiver 8 flows in the third intermediate pressure refrigerant pipe 153, and is subjected to heat exchange in the super-cooling heat exchanger 5 6e (points R and T). Meanwhile, the gas refrigerant separated in the receiver 8 passes through the third expansion valve 173 and becomes low-pressure gas refrigerant (points U and W), A part of the refrigerant flowing in the third intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 153 also passes through the fourth expansion valve 174 and becomes low-pressure gas refrigerant (points R and S), These portions of low-pressure gas refrigerant merge (points S, W, and X), and the merged refrigerant is then 10 subjected to heat exchange in the super-cooling heat exchanger 6c, and is supplied to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161 (points X, Y, and AB). Next, the intermediate-pressure refrigerant subjected to heat exchange in the super-cooling heat exchanger 6c is supplied to the first indoor heat exchange pipe 191 and diverted, and then passes through each fifth expansion valve 175 and becomes low-pressure refrigerant (points T and V), 15 'These portions of low-pressure refrigerant are heated in each indoor heat exchange unit 9a, 9b, - of the indoor heat exchanger 9. and are supplied to each bypass pipe on the second indoor heat exchange pipe 192 (points V and Z). The heated low-pressure refrigerant then merges, and is supplied to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161 by way of the fourth switching mechanism 34 (points Z and AB). Finally, the low-pressure refrigerant flowing in the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161 is 20 subjected to heat exchange in the liquid-gas heat exchanger 6b, and is then supplied to the first intake pipe 101a (points AB and A). The refrigerant circuit 10 of the air-conditioning apparatus I carries out the cooling operation cycle by circulation of the refrigerant inside the refrigerant circuit 10 in the above manner. (2-2) Operation during the heating operation 25 During the heating operation, the refrigerant circulates inside the refrigerant circuit 10 in the order of the four-stage compressor 2, indoor heat exchanger 9, expansion mechanism 7, and outdoor heat exchanger 5, following the arrows indicated in FIG. 4. The operation of the air-conditioning apparatus I during the heating operation is described below while referring to FIGS. 4 to 6. First, the low-pressure refrigerant inside the first intake pipe 101a is compressed in the first 30 compression mechanism 21 and is blown out to the first blow-out pipe 10 b (points A and B) The compressed refrigerant passes through the first switching mechanism 31 and is then supplied to the second intake pipe 102a (points-B and C), Next, the refrigerant inside the second intake pipe 102a is compressed in the second compression mechanism 22, and is blown out to the second blow-out pipe 102h (points C and D).
    The compressed refrigerant passes through the second switching mechanism 32, and is then supplied to the third intake pipe 103a (points D and F). The refrigerant flowing in the third intake pipe 103a is subjected to heat exchange in the economizer heat exchanger 6a, and merges with the intermediate pressure refrigerant flowing in the first intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 151 and the second 5 intercooler pipe 132. Next, the refrigerant inside the third intake pipe 103a is compressed in the third compression mechanism 23, and is blown out to the third blow-out pipe 103b (points F and G). The compressed refrigerant passes through the third switching mechanism 33, and is then supplied to the fourth intake pipe 104a (points G and 1-), 10 Next, the refrigerant inside the fourth intake pipe 104a is compressed in the fourth compression mechanism 24, and is blown out to the fourth blow-out pipe 104b (points 1 and I. The lubricating oil in the high-pressure refrigerant flowing in the fourth blow-out pipe 104b is separated in the fourth oil separator 44. The high-pressure refrigerant having the lubricating oil separated passes through the fourth switching mechanism 34, and is then supplied to cach bypass pipe on the second 15 indoor heat exchange pipe 192 (points I and Z). The lubricating oil separated in the fourth oil separator 44 is returned to the first intake pipe 1 01 a, Next, the high-pressure refrigerant inside each bypass pipe on the second indoor heat exchange pipe 192 is cooled in each indoor heat exchange unit 9a, 9b, ,, of the indoor heat exchanger 9 (points Z and V) The cooled high-pressure refrigerant passes through the fifth expansion valve 20 175 in each bypass pipe on the first indoor heat exchange pipe 191 and is slightly depressurized, then the refrigerant merges and is supplied to the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141 (points V and J). Next, the refrigerant inside the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141 is subjected to heat exchange in the economizer heat enhanger 6a and the liquid-gas heat exchanger 6b, then passes through the expansion mechanism 7 and becomes intermediate-pressure refrigerant, and is sent to the 25 receiver 8 by way of the second intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 152 (points J and M to Qj Meanwhile, the refrigerant diverted from the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 141 to the first intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 151 is subjected to heat exchange in the economizer heat exchanger 6a, and is then supplied to the third intake pipe 103a by way of the second intercooler pipe 132 (points J to L), The intermediate-pressure refrigerant in a liquid-gas two-phase state sent to the 30 receiver 8 is separated into liquid refrigerant and gas refrigerant (points Q, R, and U), Next, the liquid refrigerant separated in the receiver 8 flows in the third intermediate pressure refrigerant pipe 153, and is subjected to heat exchange in the super-cooling heat exchanger 6c (points R and TV Meanwhile, the gas refrigerant separated in the receiver 8 passes through the third expansion vave 173 and becomes low-pressure gas refrigerant (points U and WJ A portion of 13 the refrigerant flowing in the third. intermediatepressure refrigerant pipe 153 also passes through the fourth expansion valve 174 and becomes low-pressure gas refrigerant (points R and S), These portions of low-pressure gas refrigerant merge (points S, W and X), and the merged refrigerant is tien subjected to heat exchange in the super-cooling heat exchanger 6u, and is supplied to the low-pressure 5 refrigerant pipe 161 (points K, Y and AB. Next, the intermediate-pressure refrigerant subjected to heat exchange in the super-cooling heat exchanger 6c passes through a sixth expansion valve 176 and becomes low-pressure refrigerant (points 'T and AC) as illustrated in FIG 4. The low-pressure refrigerant passes through a shunt 81 and is diverted to four refrigerant channels. The four refrigerant flows pass through the first 10 intercooler 51, second intercooler 52, third intercooler 53, and gas cooler 54, respectively. The low pressure refrigerant passing through the gas cooler 54 passes through the fourth switching mechanism 34, and is supplied to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161 (points AC and AD). Meanwhile, the portions of low-pressure refrigerant passing through the first intercooler 5 1, second intercooler 52, and third intercooler 53 are supplied to the first oil separation pipe II, second oil separation pipe 15 1 12, and third oil separation pipe 113, respectively. The lubricating oil in the low-pressure refrigerant inside the first oil separation pipe III is separated in the first oil separator 41, then the refrigerant passes through the first switching mechanism 31, and is supplied to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161 (points AC and AD). The lubricating oil separated in the first oil separator 41 goes by way of the first oil return pipe 121 and the first heating oil return pipe 121h and again merges 20 into the first oil separation pipe 111 as illustrated in FIG 5. The lubricating oil in the low-pressure refrigerant inside the second oil separation pipe 112 likewise is separated in the second oil separator 42 then the refrigerant passes through the second switching mechanism 32, and is supplied to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161 (points AC and AD), The lubricating oil separated in the second oil separator 42 goes by way of the second oil return pipe 122 and the first heating oil return pipe 25 122b and again merges into the second oil separation pipe 112 as illustrated in FIG 5. The lubricating oil in the low-pressure refrigerant inside the third oil separation pipe 113 likewise is separated in the third oil separator 43, then the refrigerant passes through the third switching mechanism 33, and is supplied to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161 (points AC and AD). The lubricating oil separated in the third oil separator 43 goes by way of the third oil return pipe 123 and 30 the third heating oil return pipe 123b and again merges into the third oil separation pipe 13 as illustrated in FIG 5, The low-pressure refrigerant passing through each switching mechanism 31 to 34 merges with the low-pressure refrigerant suijected to heat exchange in the super-cooling heat exchanger 6c (points AD and AB) Finally, the low-pressure refigerant flowing in the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 161 is 14 subjected to heat exchange in the liid-gas heat exchanger 6b, and is then supplied to the first intake pipe 101a (points AB and A). The refrigerant circuit 10 of the air-conditioning apparatus ! carries out the heating operation cycle by circulation of the refrigerant inside the refrigerant circuit 10 in the above manner, 5 (3) Features of the air-conditioning apparatus In the refrigerant circuit 10 of the air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the first oil separator 41 is placed between the first switching mechanism 3 1 and the first intercooler 51, the second oil separator 42 is placed between the second switching mechanism 32 and the second intercooler 52, and the third oil separator 43 is placed between the third switching 10 mechanism 33 and the third intercooler 53. In the present embodiment, during the cooling operation, the refrigerant compressed by the first compression mechanism 21 passes through the first switching mechanism 31, and the lubricating oil is then separated in the first oil separator 41. The refrigerant compressed by the second compression mechanism 22 likewise passes through the second switching mechanism 32, and the 15 lubricating oil is then separated in the second oil separator 42, The refrigerant compressed by the third compression mechanism 23 likewise passes through the third switching mechanism 33, and the lubricating oil is then separated in the third oil separator 43. During the cooling operation, the refrigerant compressed by the first compression mechanism 21, second compression mechanism 22 and third compression mechanism 23 passes through the first intercooler 51, second intercooler 52. 20 and third intercooler 53, respectively, and is cooled, That is, the ibricating oil contained in the compressed refrigerant is separated In the first oil separator 41, second oil separator 42, and third oil separator 43 in order to suppress degradation of the efficiency of cooling the refrigerant in the first intercooler 51, second intercooler 52, and third intercooler 53. The lubricating oil separated by the first oil separator 41, second oil separator 42, and third oil separator 43 merges with the refrigerant 25 passing through the first intercooer 51, second intercooler 52, and third intercooler 53, respectively. in the present embodiment, during the heating operation, the refrigerant compressed by the first compression mechanism 21 is sent to the second compression mechanism 22 without being cooled, The refrigerant compressed by the second compression mechanism 22 merges with the intermediaterpressure refrigerant supplied from the economizer heat exchanger 6a and is cooled, and 30 is then sent to the third compression mechanism 23. The refrigerant compressed by the third compression mechanism 23 is sent to the fourth compression mechanism 24 without being cooled. The fubricating oil in the refrigerant compressed by the fourth compression mechanism 2.4 is separated in the fourth oil separator 44, and the refrigerant is then cooled in the indoor heat exchanger 9. Thus. during the heating operation, the refrigerant compressed by the first compression 15 mechanism 21, second compression mechanism 22, and third compression mechanism 23 is not cooled in the first intercooler 51, second intercooler 52. and third intercooler 53, respectively Therefore, during the heating operation, being different from during the cooling operation, there is no requirement to separate the lubricating oil from the refrigerant compressed by the first compression 5 mechanism 21, second compression mechanism 22, and third compression mechanism 23, In the present embodiment, during the heating operation, the refrigerant compressed by the first compression mechanism 21, second compression mechanism 22, and third compression mechanism 23 is sent to a compression mechanism at a higher stage without passing through the first oil separator 41, second oil separator 42, and third oil separator 43, respectively. Therefore, the 10 refrigerant compressed by the first compression mechanism 21, second compression mechanism 22, and third compression mechanism 23 does not release heat in the first oil separator 41, second oil separator 42, and third oil separator 43, which are placed inside an outdoor unit of the air-conditioning apparatus I, An air-conditioning apparatus I as a comparative example is imagined here, being an air 15 conditioning apparatus in which the first oil separator 41, second oil separator 42, and third oil separator 43 are Placed between the first compression mechanism 21 and the first switching mechanism 31, between the second compression mechanism 22 and the second switching mechanism 32, and between the third compression mechanism 23 and the third switching mechanism 33, respectively, In the refrigerant circuit 10 of this air-conditioning apparatus, during the heating 20 operation as wel, the refrigerant compressed by the first compression mechanism 21, second compression mechanism 22, and third compression mechanism 23 passes through the first oil separator 41, second oil separator 42, and third oil separator 43, respectively, At this time, the compressed refrigerant is exposed to low-temperature external air, and therefore incurs thermal loss due to release of heat by the refrigerant 15 Accordingly, in the air-conditioning apparatus I according to the present embodiment, the refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanisms 21 to 23 at each stage other than that of the highest stage is sent to the compression mechanism 22 to 24 at a higher stage without passing through the oil separators 41 to 43, and therefore exothermic loss during the heating operation can be suppressed. The operating efficiency of the air-conditioning apparatus 1 can thereby be improved. 10 (4) Modifications (4-I) Modification A in the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 10 of the air-conditioning apparatus 1 is provided with a four-stage compressor 2 in Which a first compression mechanimi 21 a second compression mechanism 22, a third compression mechanism 23, and a fourth compression mechanism 16 24 are connected in series. However., the refrigerant circuit 10 may be provided with a nmltistage compressor having a configuration in which two or more compression mechanisms are connected in series instead of a four-stage compressor 2. In the present modification as well during the heating operation, the refrigerant compressed by a compression mechanism excluding the compression 5 mechanism at the highest stage of the mtistage compressor is sent to a compression mechanism at a higher stage without passing through an oil separator Exothermic loss during the heating operation can thereby be suppressed. (4-21) Modification B In the present embodiment, the four-stage compressor 2 of the air-conditioning apparatus I 10 includes the first compression mechanism 21, the second compression mechanism 22, the third compression mechanism 23, and the fourth compression mechanism 24, and these compression mechanims are rotary-type compression mechanisms, but these compression mechanisms may be, for example, scroll-type compression mechanisms, (4-3) Modification C 15 In the present embodiment, the switching mechanisms 31 to 34 are a four-way switching valve, but the switching mechanism may be, for example, a mechanism in which a function to switch between a cooling operation cycle and a heating operation cycle is provided by combining a plurality of electromagnetic valves. (4-4) Modification D 20 In the present embodiment the refrigerant circuit I of the air-conditioning apparatus I uses a carbon dioxide refrigerant, but another refrigerant may be used. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY in the refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention, exothermic loss can be suppressed. 25 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST I Air-conditioning apparatus (refrigeration apparatus) 2 Four-stage compressor (multistage compression mechanism) 21 First compression mechanism (low-stage-side compression mechanism, first low-stage-side compression mechanism) 30 22 Second compression mechanism (low-stage-side compression mechanism, second low stage-side compression mechanism) 23 Third compression mechanism (low-stage-s ide compression mechanism, third low-stage side compression mechanismi) 24 Fourth compression mechanism (high-stage-side compression mechanism) 17 31 First switching mechan ism (switching mechanism) 32 Second switching mechanism (switching mechanism) 33 Third switching mechanism (switching mechanism) 41 First oil separator (low-stage-side oil separator) 5 42 Second oil separator (low-stage-side oil separator) 43 Third oil separator (low-stage-side oil separator) 44 Fourth oil separator (high-stage-side oil separator) 51 First intercooler (intercooler) 52 Second intercooler (intercoolec) 10 53 Third intercooler (intercooler) 101 b First blow-out pipe (blow-out pipe) 102b Second blow-out pipe (blow-out pipe) 103b Third blow-out pipe (blow-out pipe) 104b Fourth blow-out pipe (blow-out pipe) 15 121 a First cooling oil return pipe (cooling oil return line) 121b First heating oil return pipe (heating oil return line) I 22a Second cooling oil return pipe (cooling oil return line) 1 22b Second heating oil return pipe (heating oil return line) 123a Third cooling oil return pipe (cooling oil return line) 20 123b Third heating oil return pipe (heating oil return line) 221 a First cooling backflow prevention valve (cooling backflow prevention mechanism) 22!b First heating backflow prevention valve (heating backflow prevention mechanism) 222a Second cooling backflow prevention valve (cooling backflow prevention mechanism) 222b Second heating backflow prevention valve (heating backflow prevention mechanism) 25 223a Third cooling backflow prevention valve (cooling backflow prevention mechanism) 223b Third heating backflow prevention valve (heating backflow prevention mechanism) CITATION LIST PATENT LITERATURE Patent documnt 1: Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No-2009-257704 30 18
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1] 1.5 switching mechanisms.
    [2] 2 The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a high-stage-side oil separator (44) connected to a blow-out pipe (104b) of the high-stage-side compression mechanism and configured to separate the lubricating oil from the refrigerant blown out from the high-stage-side compression rnechanism. 20
    [3] 3. The refrigeration apparatus according to claim I or 2, further comprising: cooling oil return lines (121 a, 122a, 12 3a) through which the lubric eating oil separated from the refrigerant in the low-stage-side oil separator is returned to a blow-out side of the intercooler connected to the lo-Stage-side oil separator during the cooling operation cyclc; and heating oil return lines (121b, 122b, 123b) through which the lubricating oil separated from 25 the refrigerant in the low-stage-side oil separator is returned to a refrigerant blow-out side of the low stage-side oil separator during the heating operation cycle.
    [4] 4. The referation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the cooling oil return lines have cooling backflow prevention mechanisms (221a, 222a, 223a) that allow only a flow of the lubricating oil during the cooling operation cycle; and 30 the heating oil return lines have heating backflow prevention mechanisms (221.b. 2.22b. 223b) that allow only a flow of the lubricating oil during the heating operation cycle
    [5] 5. The refrigeration apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the low-stage-side compression mechanisms include a first low-stage-side compression mechanism (21), a second low-stage-side compression mechanism (22), and a third low-stage-side 19 compression mechanism (23); and the high-stage-side compression mechanism, the first low-stage-side corpression mechanism, the second low-stage-side compression mechanism, and the third low-stage-side compression mechanism are connected in series in the stated order in the multistage compression 5 mechanism. 20
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2014-07-31| DA3| Amendments made section 104|Free format text: THE NATURE OF THE AMENDMENT IS: AMEND THE INVENTION TITLE TO READ REFRIGERATION APPARATUS |
    2016-01-21| FGA| Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP2011290110A|JP5403047B2|2011-12-28|2011-12-28|Refrigeration equipment|
    JP2011-290110||2011-12-28||
    PCT/JP2012/083560|WO2013099895A1|2011-12-28|2012-12-26|Refrigeration device|
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